Anchors

We know different ways to sort geotechnical anchors:
  • considering their purpose anchors can be permanent or temporary
  • considering the way they transmit force anchors can be active or passive
  • considering the way they are installed they can be classic (drilling with casing, instalation and injecting of the anchor), with bond length part treated with jet grouting technique, drilled, installed and injected at once (IBO anchors)...
  • with specific type of anchor we can, considering their purpose and the way force is transmitted, install different bearing elements; steel wires for temporary or permanent anchors,steel reinforcement bars (RA reinforcement, GEWI steel, DYWIDAG bars, full or hollow...) for pasive or active anchors...
  • anchors can be devided also by bearing capacity (considering the number of installed elements – wires, considering diameter of reinforcement bars...), considering diameter of borehole in which thea are installed, length of bond part...

Basic principle of anchoring is reinforcing or fastening parts of the construction or unstable soil into the bearingable layers of soil such as anchoring of the pile wall after the excavation of the slope or excavation pit, rehabilitation of landslides, anchoring cracked boulders, anchoring of deep cuttings or shafts, underground area , tunnels... 
 
In the company we have equipment and machines to execute all types of anchors. In practice the most common anchores are:
  • temporary or permanent active geotechnical anchores, made ''classic'' with drilling diameter 140mm (using DTH hammers and casing) and installing 2 to 6 steel wires diameter 0,6'' and injecting and stressing anchors to the designed load.
  • temporary jet grouting anchors made with drilling diameter 97mm (drilling with 3 to 4 wing drill bits and the use of water), highpressure jet grouting injection of the bond part of the anchor, swithing bits with to T.C. drill bit, re-drilling and installing bearing wires (up to 5 wires) through the drill rods, extraction of drill rods and simultaneously injecting the installed anchor with suspension, stressing anchors to the designed load.
  • passive anchors; drilling borehole for anchors with top hammers where drill rod is at the same time the anchor element, through which when drilling we apply to the bottom of the borehole air, water in suspension, drill bit is lost - it remains at the bottom of the anchor. In case of drilling in suitable - stabile soils we can execute drilling without casing. When done drilling regular reinforcement bar  ( RA, GEWI.Dywidag bars...) which is injected afterwards

 Bearing capacity (steel wire) anchors are up to 900 kN, passive anchors bearing capacity depends from the type of anchor installed. (Check the table for IBO anchors).

Inner / outer bar
diameter in [mm]
Material diameter
of anchor in [mm2]
Break force
Fm v [kN]
Plastic forcei
Fp 0,2 v [kN]
32/22 330 250 200
32/20 426 320 250
32/15 528 400 330
38/17 800 550 440
51/28 1200 839 695
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